=== ConvertKit - Email Newsletter, Email Marketing, Subscribers and Landing Pages === Contributors: nathanbarry, growdev, travisnorthcutt, ggwicz Donate link: https://convertkit.com Tags: email marketing, email newsletter, newsletter, subscribers, membership Requires at least: 5.0 Tested up to: 6.6.1 Requires PHP: 5.6.20 Stable tag: 2.5.6 License: GPLv2 or later License URI: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html Build your email subscriber lists, send email marketing newsletters, sell more products and build your membership site with ConvertKit. == Description == [ConvertKit](https://convertkit.com?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) makes it easy to create, send and manage your email marketing campaigns; grow your email subscribers lists; send targeted email newsletters; sell more products and build your membership site - all by easily embedding email marketing / email subscriber forms anywhere on your WordPress web site. **New to ConvertKit? [Creating an account](https://app.convertkit.com/users/signup?plan=newsletter-free&utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) is 100% free for your first 10,000 subscribers, making ConvertKit an email marketing solution for everyone - whether you're new to email marketing or a seasoned professional email marketer.** ### Email Newsletter and Email Marketing Features - Design [email newsletter subscription forms](https://convertkit.com/features/forms?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) in ConvertKit, automatically appending them to any WordPress post or page, or displaying forms within your WordPress content using the supplied Gutenberg block and shortcode options. Perfect for building your email subscriber lists. - Build [landing pages](https://convertkit.com/features/landing-pages?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) in ConvertKit, and display them on a WordPress page to capture email subscribers - List past [email newsletters](https://convertkit.com/features/email-marketing?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) on your WordPress site = Forms = Design [forms](https://convertkit.com/features/forms?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) in ConvertKit, choosing from a variety of designs, customisable to your branding. Sign up forms can be configured to: - Send free content, such as a PDF - Display when the user is about to leave the page - Subscribe to an email newsletter, with powerful tagging and segmentation options Embedding ConvertKit forms on your WordPress web site with the ConvertKit Plugin is quick and simple: - Choose a default form to be displayed below each individual Post Type (Pages, Posts and other public Post Types, such as WooCommerce Products) - Choose a specific email marketing form to be displayed below a specific Page, Post or custom post type - Turn off form embedding at both site wide and/or individual Page/Post level For greater control, ConvertKit's email marketing subscription forms can be displayed in specific sections of your WordPress site's content, sidebars and footers by: - Using the ConvertKit Forms block in Gutenberg - Using the `[convertkit]` shortcode in the Classic Editor Start collecting email subscribers today! ### Send Email Newsletters Use ConvertKit's [email marketing](https://convertkit.com/features/email-marketing?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) feature to build and send email newsletters to your subscribers and leads, with options to send email newsletters to segments of your subscriber list. Embed existing email newsletters on your WordPress web site, ensuring visitors never miss your email newsletter content, by: - Using the ConvertKit Broadcasts block in Gutenberg - Using the `[convertkit_broadcasts]` shortcode in the Classic Editor = Landing Pages = Design [landing pages](https://convertkit.com/features/landing-pages?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) in ConvertKit's intuitive editor, choosing from a variety of designs, customisable to your branding and ideal for building your email marketing list or selling a product. Landing pages can then be embedded on your WordPress web site. Simply create or edit a WordPress Page, choose the ConvertKit landing page from the ConvertKit meta box settings to display, and you're all set to begin growing your email subscribers list. = Sell Products = Embed buttons (or link text) to sell your ConvertKit Products in seconds - whether that's digital goods, paid email newsletters, music, coaching and more. ### List Email Newsletters Automatically publish your past email newsletters to WordPress Posts, defining a WordPress author, category and cut-off date within the Plugin's settings. Prefer to just list existing broadcasts, each linked to your ConvertKit profile? Use the Broadcasts block or shortcode to embed your existing newsletters in any WordPress Page, Post or Custom Post Type. ### Paid (and free) Membership Sites Require email subscribers to either purchase a [ConvertKit Product](https://convertkit.com/features/commerce), or subscribe for free, to access your content with ConvertKit's Member Content feature - whether that's a course, ebook, digital download, album, presets, coaching and more. Subscribers access their membership by entering their email address, receiving a one time passcode by email and clicking the link in the email. That's it - no complex paid membership plugins or payment gateways to configure. There's no limit to the number of ConvertKit Products you can create, and each can be assigned to one or more WordPress Pages and Posts, instantly turning them into membership only content for your paid subscribers. = Plugin Integrations = With the ConvertKit for WordPress Plugin, you also get integrations with: - Elementor: Form and Broadcast widgets natively integrated with Elementor, to embed ConvertKit forms and broadcast lists - Contact Form 7: Automatically add email subscribers to ConvertKit when they submit a Contact Form 7 form - WishList Member: Automatically subscribe, unsubscribe and tag users based on their membership level Our other WordPress Plugins provide further integrations between WordPress and ConvertKit: - [ConvertKit for WooCommerce](https://wordpress.org/plugins/convertkit-for-woocommerce/): Subscribe, tag and assign sequences to customers at checkout, and send order data to ConvertKit - [ConvertKit for Gravity Forms](https://wordpress.org/plugins/convertkit-gravity-forms/): Automatically add email subscribers to ConvertKit when they submit a Gravity Form, with tagging options = What is ConvertKit? = ConvertKit is the go-to email marketing hub for creators that helps you grow and monetize your audience with ease. **Grow your audience:** Increase subscribers with beautiful landing pages, sign up forms, and link pages that make your work stand out. **Automate your email marketing:** Create lasting connections and promote like a pro with our intuitive email editor, powerful sales funnels and subscriber list segmentation using tags. **Sell your digital products:** Market and sell your digital products and subscriptions with ConvertKit to drive higher conversions and save big on fees. = Documentation = Full Plugin documentation can be found [here](https://help.convertkit.com/en/articles/2502591-the-convertkit-wordpress-plugin?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme). == Installation == 1. Upload the `convertkit` folder to the `/wp-content/plugins/` directory 2. Active the ConvertKit plugin through the 'Plugins' menu in WordPress == Configuration == 1. Configure the plugin by navigating to `Settings > ConvertKit` in the WordPress Administration Menu, entering your [API Key](https://app.convertkit.com/account_settings/advanced_settings?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme) and defining the default forms to display on Pages, Posts and/or Custom Post Types 2. (Optional) choose a specific Form to display when editing a Page, Post or Custom Post Type in the Page/Post/Custom Post Type's ConvertKit settings 3. (Optional) use the ConvertKit Form Shortcode or Block to insert Forms into your Page, Post or Custom Post Type content == Frequently asked questions == = Does this plugin require a paid service? = No. You must first have an account on [convertkit.com](https://convertkit.com?utm_source=wordpress&utm_term=en_US&utm_content=readme), but you do not have to use a paid plan! = How do I refresh my available Forms, Landing Pages and Tags? = Either: - Navigate to the Plugin's Settings at `Settings > ConvertKit` - Click the refresh button displayed next to the Form, Landing Page or Tag fields when creating/editing Pages or Posts = How do I automatically import ConvertKit Broadcasts to WordPress Posts? = To import your past (and future) email newsletters from ConvertKit to WordPress: - Navigate to the Plugin's Settings at `Settings > ConvertKit` - Click the `Broadcasts` tab - Tick the `Enable Automatic Import` option - Configure other settings as necessary, and click `Save Changes` when done = Where can I find the Plugin's Documentation? = Full Plugin documentation can be found [here](https://help.convertkit.com/en/articles/2502591-the-convertkit-wordpress-plugin?utm_source=wordpress&utm_content=readme). == Screenshots == 1. Create and customize stunning email subscription forms and landing pages in ConvertKit 2. Manage the WordPress plugin from a simple settings page in the WordPress admin 3. Append ConvertKit forms to Pages, Posts or other Custom Post Types 4. Configure a specific ConvertKit form to display on a specific Page or Post 5. Display your ConvertKit forms anywhere on your WordPress web site using the form block / shortcode 6. Configure a ConvertKit landing page to be used in place of a WordPress Page, to capture email subscribers 7. Automatically import your past email newsletters to WordPress Posts 8. Create your paid membership site by assigning paid ConvertKit Products to your existing WordPress content 9. Set up form and landing page automations in ConvertKit 10. Track subscriber growth == Changelog == ### 2.5.6 2024-08-15 * Added: Pages: Add New Landing Page Setup Wizard, to easily create a WordPress Page that displays a ConvertKit Landing Page * Added: Divi: ConvertKit Form Module * Updated: Pages: Landing Page + Member Content Wizards now display in a dropdown button ### 2.5.5 2024-08-15 * Fix: Contact Form 7: Set subscriber to `inactive` when a ConvertKit Form is specified, honoring the Form's opt in setting. * Fix: Forminator: Set subscriber to `inactive` when a ConvertKit Form is specified, honoring the Form's opt in setting. * Fix: WishList Member: Set subscriber to `inactive` when a ConvertKit Form is specified, honoring the Form's opt in setting. ### 2.5.4 2024-08-08 * Added: WishList Member: Option to just subscribe email, subscribe to a Form, Tag or Sequence or unsubscribe * Fix: Contact Form 7: Typo on description text * Fix: Forminator: Typo on description text ### 2.5.3 2024-08-06 * Fix: Contact Form 7: Update description on settings screen to reflect new settings * Fix: Forminator: Update description on settings screen to reflect new settings * Fix: WishList Member: Fatal error `Uncaught TypeError: ConvertKit_API_V4::add_subscriber_to_form(): Argument #1 ($form_id) must be of type int, string given` ### 2.5.2 2024-07-25 * Added: Contact Form 7: Option to just subscribe email, or subscribe to a Form, Tag or Sequence * Added: Forminator: Option to just subscribe email, or subscribe to a Form, Tag or Sequence ### 2.5.1 2024-07-17 * Fix: Landing Pages: Prevent Perfmatters lazy loading images on Landing Pages, which would result in missing images * Updated: ConvertKit WordPress Libraries to 2.0.1 ### 2.5.0 2024-07-09 * Added: Use ConvertKit v4 API and OAuth * Updated: ConvertKit WordPress Libraries to 2.0.0 ### 2.4.9.1 2024-06-20 * Added: Categories: Option to display specified ConvertKit Form on Category archives * Fix: Move "Add a Tag" logic to backend when tagging a subscriber, instead of using AJAX ### 2.4.9 2024-05-13 * Fix: Settings: Don't import Broadcasts to WordPress Posts when viewing Settings screen, for performance * Fix: Broadcasts (Beta): Check `DOMDocument` available to parse Broadcasts, instead of producing a fatal error * Fix: Autoptimize: Don't output duplicate Forms when Autoptimize's `Defer JS` option is enabled * Updated: Removed upgrade path from Plugin versions below 1.4.1 ### 2.4.8 2024-04-11 * Fix: Member Content: Display Content when using a frontend Page Builder, such as Beaver Builder * Fix: Forms: Sticky Bar: Set `z-index` CSS property to ensure Sticky Bar Forms correctly display over some WordPress Theme headers and menus ### 2.4.7 2024-04-08 * Fix: WP-Rocket: Display Forms when WP-Rocket's `Delay JavaScript Execution` option is enabled * Fix: Perfmatters: Display Forms when Perfmatters' `Delay JavaScript` option is enabled * Fix: Broadcasts (Beta): Improve parsing of Broadcasts when removing unsubscribe and hidden sections ### 2.4.6 2024-03-08 * Fix: Debug Log: Change log file location to log subfolder, with .htaccess and index.html protection * Fix: Debug Log: Mask email addresses, first names and signed subscriber IDs ### 2.4.5 2024-02-28 * Added: Products: Block and Shortcode: Option to immediately load checkout step when button clicked, instead of Product image and description * Fix: Siteground Speed Optimizer: Display Forms when Siteground's `Combine JavaScript Files` option is enabled * Fix: LiteSpeed Cache: Don't output duplicate non-inline Forms when LiteSpeed Cache's `Load JS Deferred` option is enabled * Fix: Member Content: Improved UI on mobile devices ### 2.4.4 2024-02-19 * Added: Remove jQuery as a dependency from Setup Wizard, Modals and Refresh buttons * Added: Forms: Automatically center inline forms on non-block Themes * Fix: Forms: Remove bottom margin on non-inline forms * Fix: Setup Wizard: Preview Form link for Pages would incorrectly display a Post * Fix: Landing Pages: Prevent WP Rocket caching and lazy loading images on Landing Pages, which would result in missing background images * Fix: Classic Editor: Modal window: Don't display vertical scrollbar on Safari * Fix: Member Content: Refresh button: Populate Tags and Products in applicable option groups * Fix: Member Content: Refresh button: Define correct option values on refresh, ensuring settings save successfully. * Fix: Member Content: Corrected grammar for `member-only` ### 2.4.3 2024-01-31 * Added: Settings: Option to specify Default Form on public Custom Post Types * Added: Custom Posts: Option to specify Form and Tag on individual public Custom Post Types * Added: Member Content: Support for Member Content functionality on public Custom Post Types * Added: Removed jQuery as a dependency from Bulk Edit, Quick Edit and TinyMCE JS * Fix: Divi: Allow scrolling when editing using the Divi Builder in tablet or mobile view * Fix: Jetpack Boost: Prevent inline Forms from displaying in footer when added to a Page or Widget area when Jetpack Boost Plugin active * Fix: Settings: Remove whitespaces from API Key and Secret when saving * Fix: Broadcasts (Beta): Improve descriptions to make clear that only public Broadcasts are imported to WordPress ### 2.4.2 2024-01-22 * Added: Member Content: Option to permit search engines to crawl Member Content at `ConvertKit > Member Content > Permit Search Engine Crawlers` * Added: Removed jQuery from frontend JS and as a dependency * Fix: Site Editor: Use `enqueue_block_assets` hook instead of `enqueue_block_editor_assets` hook * Updated: WordPress Libraries to 1.4.1 ### 2.4.1 2024-01-08 * Added: Broadcasts (Beta): Option to store ConvertKit Broadcast thumbnails as WordPress Post's Featured Image * Added: Products: Block and Shortcode: Option to include a discount code * Added: Products: Block and Shortcode: Option to disable modal on mobile. Recommended if the ConvertKit Product is a digital download (PDF) being purchased on mobile, to ensure the subscriber can immediately download the PDF once purchased. ### 2.4.0 2023-12-06 * Fix: ConvertKit Error: Could not load Plugin class `output` when editing, quick or bulk editing a Post. ### 2.3.9 2023-12-04 * Added: Settings: Display ConvertKit Form's format (inline, slide in, sticky bar, modal) where a `select` dropdown option is presented * Fix: Settings: Default Form (Site Wide): If defined, honor non-inline Form specified at Page, Post or Post Category level, to avoid two non-inline forms displaying * Fix: Settings: Moved Documentation tab to Help link in header, for compat. with smaller screen resolutions ### 2.3.8 2023-11-20 * Added: Member Content: Display log in and authentication code forms in modal to better match ConvertKit * Added: Broadcasts (Beta): Define WordPress Post Author when importing ConvertKit Broadcasts * Fix: Broadcasts (Beta): Don't show next scheduled date and time immediately after clicking `Import Now` * Fix: PHP Warning: Use of deprecated `FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING` ### 2.3.7 2023-11-09 * Added: Member Content: Output manual or generated excerpt if no read more tag present in the Post's content * Fix: Member Content: Force padding on buttons to prevent Themes overriding button layout * Fix: Member Content: Add `required` attribute on form fields ### 2.3.6 2023-11-02 * Added: Member Content: Updated UI of gated content screens to better match ConvertKit * Added: Settings: Member Content: Separate text settings can be configured for display when restricting by ConvertKit Tag ### 2.3.5 2023-10-30 * Added: Member Content: Improve UI of authentication code screen * Fix: Don't attempt to append ConvertKit Forms to unsupported Post Types ### 2.3.4 2023-10-24 * Added: Broadcasts (Beta): Define WordPress Post status (Draft, Pending Review, Private or Published) when importing ConvertKit Broadcasts * Added: Settings: General: Option to display a site wide non-inline form * Updated: WordPress Libraries to 1.4.0 ### 2.3.3 2023-10-18 * Added: Broadcasts (Beta): Option to export WordPress Posts to draft ConvertKit Broadcasts * Added: Member Content: Wizard: Option to restrict content by ConvertKit Tag * Fix: Member Content: Check Product or Tag exists in ConvertKit before restricting content * Fix: Form Trigger Block: Add spacing to button on non-block themes * Fix: Form Trigger Block: Render button in Gutenberg to better match frontend output when changing background color * Fix: Product Block: Add spacing to button on non-block themes * Fix: Product Block: Render button in Gutenberg to better match frontend output when changing background color ### 2.3.2 2023-10-05 * Added: Member Content: Option to restrict content by ConvertKit Tag, displaying a subscription form and subscribing the entered email address to the tag * Added: Member Content: Posts: Display Filter dropdown in Posts table * Fix: Member Content: Always enable Member Content options, ensuring imported Paid Broadcasts correctly show / hide content. * Fix: Prevent blank submenu entries displaying under `Dashboard` menu when using a third party admin menu editor Plugin * Updated: ConvertKit WordPress Libraries to 1.3.9 ### 2.3.1 2023-09-14 * Fix: Settings: Member Content: Added missing`for` label attributes * Fix: Settings: Broadcasts: Added missing`for` label attributes * Fix: Posts: Add / Edit Category: `for` label attribute now matches the field ID * Fix: Select2: Remove whitespace on tooltip hover * Fix: Blocks: Include `editorScript` in `block.json` ### 2.3.0 2023-09-12 * Added: Forminator: Option to map Forminator Forms to ConvertKit Forms, to subscribe email addresses at Settings > ConvertKit > Forminator * Added: Forminator: Option to Enable Creator Network Recommendations modal on individual Forms at Settings > ConvertKit > Forminator * Added: Blocks: Register blocks using block.json * Fix: Landing Pages: Use WordPress Site Icon as favicon, if defined ### 2.2.9 2023-09-06 * Added: Broadcasts (Beta): Automatically publish public ConvertKit Broadcasts as WordPress Posts. Head over to `Settings > ConvertKit > Broadcasts` to get started. * Updated: WordPress Coding Standards * Updated: ConvertKit WordPress Libraries to 1.3.8 ### 2.2.8 2023-08-07 * Fix: Use `file_get_contents` instead of `WP_Filesystem` for reading plugin files, to avoid fatal error on activation when file ownership/permission issues occur * Fix: Block Editor: Prevent block error in WordPress 6.0 and lower by checking if `useAnchor` is available ### 2.2.7 2023-07-24 * Added: Contact Form 7: Option to Enable Creator Network Recommendations modal on individual Forms at Settings > ConvertKit > Contact Form 7 ### 2.2.6 2023-07-18 * Added: Form Trigger: Block: When no API Key specified, link to Setup Wizard in a popup window to complete setup * Added: Form: Block: When no API Key specified, link to Setup Wizard in a popup window to complete setup * Added: Product: Block: When no API Key specified, link to Setup Wizard in a popup window to complete setup * Updated: Member Content: Removed beta label ### 2.2.5 2023-06-21 * Added: Broadcasts: Shortcode: Tabbed UI when adding broadcasts through the Classic or Text Editor * Added: Broadcasts: Block: Moved pagination settings to own sidebar panel * Fix: Classic Editor: Insert button would stop working when switching from Text Editor to Classic Editor * Fix: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined method ConvertKit_Resource_Forms::get_by() ### 2.2.4 2023-06-15 * Added: Form Trigger: Block: Display message with link when no API Key specified, or no non-inline Forms exist in ConvertKit * Added: Form Trigger: Shortcode: Display message with link when no API Key specified, or no non-inline Forms exist in ConvertKit * Added: Forms: Shortcode: Display message with link when no API Key specified, or no inline Forms exist in ConvertKit * Added: Products: Shortcode: Display message with link when no API Key specified, or no Products exist in ConvertKit * Fix: Bulk & Quick Edit: Show contextual icons for Form, Tag and Member Content settings, instead of the default Form icon * Fix: Settings: Conditionally load CSS and JS depending on the section (General, Tools, Member Content) * Fix: Settings: Link to ConvertKit form creator when no Forms exist in ConvertKit * Fix: Use higher quality SVG icons for blocks, shortcodes and formatters * Updated: ConvertKit WordPress Libraries to 1.3.6 ### 2.2.3 2023-06-06 * Added: Broadcasts: Options to display grid, images, descriptions and/or read more link * Added: Broadcasts: Output as single column on smaller screen resolutions * Added: Forms: Block: Display message with link when no API Key specified, or no Forms exist in ConvertKit * Added: Products: Block: Display message with link when no API Key specified, or no Products exist in ConvertKit * Fix: Settings: Disable CSS: Improve description of Disable CSS functionality, making it clearer what this setting does * Fix: Use `esc_url` instead of `esc_attr` for link `href` properties ### 2.2.2 2023-05-24 * Added: Elementor: ConvertKit Form Trigger Block * Added: Member Content: Automatically configure WP Fastest Cache and WP-Optimize Plugins to not cache when the `ck_subscriber_id` cookie is present, to ensure Member Content correctly displays * Added: Member Content: Display a notice if Litespeed Cache, W3 Total Cache or WP Super Cache Plugins are active and have not been configured to exclude caching when the `ck_subscriber_id` cookie is present * Fix: Elementor: ConvertKit Product: Button icon was missing * Fix: Block Editor: Don't display options to link text to display a non-inline form if no forms exist in ConvertKit * Fix: Block Editor: Don't display options to link text to display a Product or Tip Jar if no Product / Tip Jar exists in ConvertKit ### 2.2.1 2023-05-10 * Fix: Settings: Escape tab links on output ### 2.2.0 2023-05-04 * Added: ConvertKit Form Trigger Block, outputting a button which displays a non-inline form (modal, slide in, sticky bar) when pressed * Added: ConvertKit Form Trigger Shortcode, outputting a button which displays a non-inline form (modal, slide in, sticky bar) when pressed * Added: Block Editor: Link text to display a non-inline form (modal, slide in, sticky bar) when pressed * Added: Block Editor: Link text to display a ConvertKit Product or Tip Jar when pressed * Fix: Forms: Output non-inline scripts once per form, to avoid the same form displaying twice when embedded two or more times in a page * Fix: Forms: Output non-inline scripts using the `wp_footer` hook, ensuring modal overlays fill the screen * Fix: Member Content: Append `ck-cache-bust` query parameter after entering code, to prevent plugin / host caching showing stale data * Fix: Settings: Tools: Import / Export: Include Member Content settings in import and export configuration * Fix: Settings: Member Content: Display warning notice that web host caching / caching plugins must be configured to disable caching when the `ck_subscriber_id` cookie is present ### 2.1.3 2023-04-06 * Fix: Improve UI compatibility for buttons in WordPress 5.x, using `button-hero` CSS class instead of custom padding * Updated: ConvertKit WordPress Libraries to 1.3.4 ### 2.1.2 2023-03-30 * Added: Link to Setup Wizard on Plugins screen * Added: Improved ConvertKit Icons in Classic Editor and block editor for Broadcasts, Forms, Products and Custom Content ### 2.1.1 2023-02-23 * Fix: Post: Settings: PHP notices when settings are not an array * Fix: Landing Pages and Legacy Forms: Deprecated `mb_convert_encoding()` message in PHP 8.2 ### 2.1.0 2023-02-15 * Added: Member Content (Beta): Require subscribers to purchase a ConvertKit Product to access specific Pages on your WordPress site. Head over to `Settings > ConvertKit > Member Content` to get started. * Fix: Product: Block and Shortcode: Set stylesheet ID to `convertkit-product-css`, to match other blocks * Fix: Blocks: Use wp.serverSideRender instead of soon to be deprecated wp.components.ServerSideRender * Fix: Forms: Preview: Support for previewing and editing Legacy Forms * Fix: Improved performance in WordPress Admin when invalid API credentials specified on new installation * Fix: Display notice in WordPress Admin with link to settings screen when invalid API credentials specified ### 2.0.8 2023-02-02 * Added: Settings: ConvertKit: Documentation tab * Added: Forms: Link to edit form in ConvertKit when previewing a Page, Post or Custom Post containing a ConvertKit form * Fix: Display Forms, Landing Pages, Products and Tags in alphabetical order when listed in a `